The review delves into the existing ADR reporting systems, including the involvement of healthcare professionals and the growing role of patient-driven reporting initiatives. It examines the strengths and weaknesses of these systems and emphasizes the need for enhanced reporting practices to capture a comprehensive range of adverse reactions. Challenges in ADR reporting, such as underreporting, reporting bias, and difficulties in causality assessment, are critically analyzed. The impact of incomplete or inaccurate information on signal detection and risk assessment is also discussed. The review underscores the significance of addressing these challenges to maintain the integrity of pharmacovigilance efforts and optimize patient care. Moreover, the review highlights emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and real-world data integration, as potential tools to streamline ADR reporting and signal detection processes. These innovations have the potential to revolutionize drug safety surveillance and improve the overall efficiency of pharmacovigilance practices. This narrative review explores the current practices and challenges in adverse drug reactions (ADR) reporting, shedding light on the importance of pharmacovigilance in ensuring patient safety and optimizing drug therapy. Adverse drug reactions represent a critical concern in healthcare, warranting continuous monitoring and evaluation to detect and manage potential risks associated with medications.
