Obesity and cases of diabetes are rising in the adult male and female Saudi population. According to the WHO 2014 World Health ranking survey Saudi Arabia was ranked 27th in coronary heart disease (CHD) related deaths, and, according to the same survey, diabetes was the fourth leading cause of death in Saudi Arabia. Association between uncontrolled diabetes and periodontitis has been very well established. Patients with diabetes have been shown to have higher incidences of periodontitis. Especially in diabetic patients with poorly controlled blood sugar (glucose) levels. For the current study we selected 114 non-diabetic control females with age range of 14-75 years (mean age 33.82 years) and 204 diabetic females with the age ranging between 15-86 years (mean age 48.3 years). 95% of our female diabetic patients had gingivitis and 65% of the patients showed cases of chronic periodontitis. Further analysis of our results showed 27.2% of tooth loss among these patients. Statistical analysis of data showed overall a significant increase in cases of periodontitis and percent tooth loss in diabetic females (at p˂0.05) as compared to the control group. Additionally, in control females 0.87% subjects had 100% tooth loss as compared to 4.41% of diabetic patients with total (100%) teeth loss. Further analyses of our results show 6.14% incisors were lost in the control group while 15.3% incisors were lost among the diabetic females. Similarly, in diabetics 10.29% canine teeth were missing as compared to the 5.04% canine missing among the control female subjects. In our survey we also found significantly higher number of premolars and molars lost among both the groups. In the control group 14.14% premolars were lost while 25.85% premolars were missing among the diabetic females. Finally, we found 29.45% of molars were missing from among the control subjects while 41.74% molars were found to be missing from among the diabetic females. In summary, in our female community oral hygiene survey in Hail region of Saudi Arabia, we found statistically no significant difference in the cases of gingivitis between the control and the diabetic female group at p ˂0.05. However, we found a significant increase in the cases of chronic periodontitis and tooth loss (incisors, canine, premolars and molars) in the diabetic female population (at p ˂0.05) as compared to the randomly selected female control group.
