Sericulture is an agro based industry playing an important role in rural economy of the country. Mugaculture as an enterprise offers tremendous opportunity for sustainable employment and economic growth in states like Assam. The muga silkworm, Antheraeaassamensis exclusively confined to the Brahmaputra valley of Assam, India due to its unique ecological niche as it produces golden coloured silk of high economic value. Mugaculture can be used as an important tool for economic empowerment of women. In the global market, the muga silk gained importance, as it is the source of income for the rural tribal communities and cultural heritage. Muga culture is a part of culture, tradition and customs of the people of North-eastern region of India. It occupies a unique position in the global sericultural map for production of golden muga silk. The social relevance in Assam for the muga culture is very high. The preservation of the biodiversity is the most important global challenge of the present day. The impact of globalisation of silk trade plays a crucial role for a country like India. The combined efforts of the Forest, Tribal Welfare and the Department of Sericulture along with the local tribal rearers should be taken for the protection and the conservation of muga silkworm. Hence awareness should begiven to the public for conservation of food plants and muga silkworm, as it improves the conservation of biodiversity of both flora and fauna.
