Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Spirulina platenesis (SP) are the single-celled microalgae, which contain high concentrations of whole food nutrients, and they have been shown to inhibit cancer-colony formation. The present study was conducted to investigate the chemopreventive effects of CV and SP against 1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine -induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. rats were divided into five groups. Group1 served as -ve control, Group2 received DMH, and served as +ve control, Group3 received CV, Group4 received SP and Group5 received CV and SP for 5weeks. Group3, 4, 5 were given DMH. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidative stress markers were examined as well. Immunohistochemistry (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), (Caspase-3), COX2 was performed along with histological analysis. In our study, LPO levels were found to be increased in group DMH and decrease in CV and SP compared to the control group. Antioxidant activity reduced in group 2 as compared to the control and elevated in CV and SP treated groups. Numbers of aberrant cryptic foci in the group CV and SP were decreased as compared to the group 2. CV and SP increased in pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3, a decrease in proliferating protein PCNA and in inflammatory marker COX2. Our study showed that CV and SP have chemopreventive effects by anti-inflammatory, antiproliferating, apoptosis and antioxidant activity in colon cancer induced by DMH in rats.
