The infectious disease burden in India is very high and victims are mainly of rural population. Different factors that influence the survival of microorganisms which spread the diseases are climatic change, poor sanitation, lack of fresh water, deforestation, urbanization, change in life style etc. Good % of the infectious epidemics are unreported because the cases occur in remote areas. Drug resistance causes the re-emergence of the infection. In this review infectious diseases among Indian population are discussed. Major infectious diseases prevalent in India include Malaria, Cholera, Dengue, Jaundice, Hepatitis, Typhoid, Japanese Encephalitis, Plague, HIV, Rabies. Nipah virus infection emerged newly in India
